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Probabilistic safety assessment of self-centering steel braced frame

Navid RAHGOZAR, Nima RAHGOZAR, Abdolreza S. MOGHADAM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 163-182 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0384-z

摘要： The main drawback of conventional braced frames is implicitly accepting structural damage under the design earthquake load, which leads to considerable economic losses. Controlled rocking self-centering system as a modern low-damage system is capable of minimizing the drawbacks of conventional braced frames. This paper quantifies main limit states and investigates the seismic performance of self-centering braced frame using a Probabilistic Safety Assessment procedure. Margin of safety, confidence level, and mean annual frequency of the self-centering archetypes for their main limit states, including PT yield, fuse fracture, and global collapse, are established and are compared with their acceptance criteria. Considering incorporating aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, the efficiency of the system is examined. Results of the investigation indicate that the design of low- and mid-rise self-centering archetypes could provide the adequate margin of safety against exceeding the undesirable limit-states.

关键词： self-centering steel braced frame mean annual frequency safety assessment confidence level margin of safety

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An approach to calculating allowable watershed pollutant loads

Yu GUO, Haifeng JIA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 658-671 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0446-3

摘要： To improve the management of discharge pollutants loads in the reservoirs’ watershed, an approach of the allowable pollutants loads calculation and its allocation, based on the water environment model, was proposed. Establishment of the approach framework was described at first. Under the guidance of this framework, two major steps were as follows: modeling and scenario analysis were involved and should be applied to support the decision of discharge loads management; Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) model was selected as the kernel model in this framework. In modeling step, spatial discretization for establishing cell map in model, data preprocessing, parameter calibration and uncertainty analysis (which is considered as the significantly relevant factor of the margin of safety (MOS)), were conducted. As a result of the research, the model-based approach presented as a combination of estimation and precise calculation, which contributed to scenario analysis step. Some integrated modules, such as scenario simulation, result analysis and plan optimization were implemented as cycles in the scenario analysis. Finally, allowable pollutant loads under various conditions were calculated. The Chaihe Reservoir in Liaoning Province, China was used as a case study for an application of the approach described above. Results of the Chaihe reservoir water quality simulation, show good agreement with field data and demonstrated that the approach used in the present study provide an efficient and appropriate methodology for pollutant load allocation.

关键词： Source water protection watershed management pollutants load allocation Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) modeling margin of safety statistical analysis

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Fault classification and reconfiguration of distribution systems using equivalent capacity margin method

K. Sathish KUMAR, T. JAYABARATHI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 394-402 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0211-0

摘要： This paper investigates the capability of support vector machines (SVM) for prediction of fault classification and the use of the concept of equivalent capacity margin (ECM) for restoration of the power system. The SVM, as a novel type of machine learning based on statistical learning theory, achieves good generalization ability by adopting a structural risk minimization (SRM) induction principle aimed at minimizing a bound on the generalization error of a model rather than the minimization of the error on the training data only. Here, the SVM has been used as a classification. The inputs of the SVM model are power and voltage values. An equation has been developed for the prediction of the fault in the power system based on the developed SVM model. The next steps of this paper are the restoration and reconfiguration by using the ECM concept, the development of a code, and the testing of the results with various load outages, which have been executed for a 12 load system.

关键词： support vector machines (SVM) structural risk minimization (SRM) equivalent capacity margin (ECM) restoration fault classification

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Triage for management of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion patients with positive margin

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 223-228 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0517-8

摘要：

The objective of this study is to guide a triage for the management of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) patients with positive margin by conization. Clinico-pathological data of HSIL patients with positive margin by conization were retrospectively collected from January 2009 to December 2014. All patients underwent secondary conization or hysterectomy within 6 months. The rate of residual lesion was calculated, and the factors associated with residual lesion were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Among a total of 119 patients, 56 (47.06%) patients presented residual HSIL in their subsequent surgical specimens, including 4 cases of invasive cervical carcinoma (3 stage IA1 and 1 stage IA2 patients). Univariate analysis showed that patient age>35 years (P=0.005), menopausal period>5 years (P=0.0035), and multiple-quadrant involvement (P=0.001) were significantly correlated with residual disease; however, multivariate analysis revealed that multiple-quadrant involvement (P=0.001; OR, 3.701; 95%CI, 1.496–9.154) was an independent risk factor for residual disease. Nearly half of HSIL patients with positive margin by conization were disease-free in subsequent surgical specimens, and those with multiple positive margins may consider re-conization or re-assessment.

关键词： cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion conization positive surgical margin hysterectomy

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准西海相浅层石炭系火山凝灰岩油气发现的意义

王建勇,王学忠,马立群

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第7期页码 81-86

摘要：

2011年，准西海相浅层石炭系火山凝灰岩油气勘探取得了突破，见到了良好的油气显示，特别是排61井在855.7～949.6 m井段，常规试油获得日产6 t的工业油流，50 ℃地面脱气原油黏度为390 mPa·s。排61地区石炭系稳定的海相沉积层既是深部油源岩，又是优质储集层。岩浆活动提供了火山岩储层发育和分布的基础。火山凝灰岩经受了强烈的风化作用和有机酸溶蚀作用，风化壳及次生裂缝很发育，成为优质储层。深部二叠系油气沿红车断裂带和地层超剥带不整合面向高部位运聚成藏。二叠系和三叠系致密的火山岩或泥岩沉积覆盖作为区域性盖层对石炭系油气后期保存至关重要。针对石炭系储层成像较差的难题发展了地震叠前时间偏移处理技术，火山岩地震和测井响应特征比较明显，应用成像测井和核磁共振技术实现了裂缝的定性识别和定量描述。

关键词：石炭系火山凝灰岩海相沉积浅层准噶尔盆地西缘

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基于最大间隔的贝叶斯分类器 Article

Tao-cheng HU,Jin-hui YU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第10期页码 973-981 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601078

摘要：概要：多分类学习中经常需要考虑在泛化性能和计算开销间进行权衡。本文提出一个生成式概率多分类器，综合考虑了泛化性和学习/预测速率。我们首先证明了我们的分类器具有最大间隔性质，这意味着对于未来数据的预测精度几乎和训练阶段一样高。此外，我们消除了目标函数中的大量的局部变元，极大地简化了优化问题。通过凸分析和概率语义分析，我们设计了高效的在线算法，与经典情形的最大不同在于这个算法使用聚集而非平均化处理梯度。实验证明了我们的算法具有很好的泛化性能和收敛速度。

关键词：多类学习；最大间隔学习；在线算法

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Improvement of part-load performance of gas turbine by adjusting compressor inlet air temperature and IGV opening

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 1000-1016 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0746-z

摘要： A novel adjusting method for improving gas turbine (GT) efficiency and surge margin (SM) under part-load conditions is proposed. This method adopts the inlet air heating technology, which uses the waste heat of low-grade heat source and the inlet guide vane (IGV) opening adjustment. Moreover, the regulation rules of the compressor inlet air temperature and the IGV opening are studied comprehensively to optimize GT performance. A model and calculation method for an equilibrium running line is adopted based on the characteristic curves of the compressor and turbine. The equilibrium running lines calculated through the calculation method involve three part-load conditions and three IGV openings with different inlet air temperatures. The results show that there is an optimal matching relationship between IGV opening and inlet air temperature. For the best GT performance of a given load, the IGV could be adjusted according to inlet air temperature. In addition, inlet air heating has a considerable potential for the improvement of part-load performance of GT due to the increase in compressor efficiency, combustion efficiency, and turbine efficiency as well as turbine inlet temperature, when inlet air temperature is lower than the optimal value with different IGV openings. Further, when the IGV is in a full opening state and an optimal inlet air temperature is achieved by using the inlet air heating technology, GT efficiency and SM can be obviously higher than other IGV openings. The IGV can be left unadjusted, even when the load is as low as 50%. These findings indicate that inlet air heating has a great potential to replace the IGV to regulate load because GT efficiency and SM can be remarkably improved, which is different from the traditional viewpoints.

关键词： inlet air temperature inlet guide vane (IGV) opening part-load equilibrium running line gas turbine (GT) efficiency surge margin (SM)

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Urban design based on public safety-Discussion on safety-based urban design

Kaizhen CAI, Jianguo WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 219-227 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0023-4

摘要： Because of public safety problems in construction of urban surroundings, this paper expounds the necessity of the study on public safety-based urban design in perspective of modern city. It brings forward the concept of safety-based urban design and attempts to explore the basic connotation and contents with framework for studies.

关键词： urban public safety urban design safety-based urban design

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中国食品安全科技发展方向讨论

魏益民,吴永宁,周乃元,潘家荣

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第11期页码 1-4

摘要：

从发展国家食品安全战略，强化国家食品安全科技的角度，提出中国食品安全科技优先发展的四大方向，即风险分析是食品安全科技战略的首选领域；“从农田到餐桌”整体控制体系是食品安全全程控制技术和操作规范的理论基础，是实施食品安全管理的重要技术手段；检测监测技术是预警、预防、应急的技术依据，应集中力量开发一批内控和标准检验必须的快速检测技术和标准检测技术；以政府、生产者、消费者为责任人主体的管理理念是食品安全管理的基本原则，食品链上的所有责任人应在保障食品质量和安全的问题上主动承担责任。

关键词：食品安全科技战略发展方向

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安全科学若干基础问题研究

吕保和

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第11期页码 57-61

摘要：

分析了安全的科学含义，引入了"灾事"的概念，指出安全科学的研究对象就是灾事，并进一步探讨了灾事的类型以及各类灾事之间的关系。阐述了构建安全科学的必要性和可行性，并从一个新的角度分析了安全科学的内涵以及构建安全科学的基本思路，论述了安全科学技术体系的层次结构。

关键词：安全灾事安全科学学科建设

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State of Practice of Construction Site Safety in the USA

Fei Dai,Yoojung Yoon,Hota V. GangaRao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 275-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016035

摘要： The construction industry has long been plagued with a high number of fatalities in the USA. Much safety improvements have been made after the USA Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970. However, this industry still suffers from a disproportionately high rate of work-related fatalities in comparison to other industries. To provide a holistic view of current construction safety practices and corresponding performance, this paper reviews statistics of construction fatalities and their causes. It then presents efforts led to prevent work-related accidents and injuries by the federal safety agencies and the industry. Additionally, advantages and limitations of current practices in terms of construction safety have been discussed along with promotion of aspects in construction work environment.

关键词： workplace safety construction industry safety strategy accident prevention review work

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Analyzing construction safety through time series methods

Houchen CAO, Yang Miang GOH

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 262-274 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0015-6

摘要： The construction industry produces a large amount of data on a daily basis. However, existing data sets have not been fully exploited in analyzing the safety factors of construction projects. Thus, this work describes how temporal analysis techniques can be applied to improve the safety management of construction data. Various time series (TS) methods were adopted for identifying the leading indicators or predictors of construction accidents. The data set used herein was obtained from a large construction company that is based in Singapore and contains safety inspection scores, accident cases, and project-related data collected from 2008 to 2015. Five projects with complete and sufficient data for temporal analysis were selected from the data set. The filtered data set contained 23 potential leading indicators (predictors or input variables) of accidents (output or dependent variable). TS analyses were used to identify suitable accident predictors for each of the five projects. Subsequently, the selected input variables were used to develop three different TS models for predicting accident occurrences, and the vector error correction model was found to be the best model. It had the lowest root mean squared error value for three of the five projects analyzed. This study provides insights into how construction companies can utilize TS data analysis to identify projects with high risk of accidents.

关键词： time series temporal construction safety leading indicators accident prevention forecasting

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Global challenges of food safety for China

Joseph J. JEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 291-293 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017167

摘要：

Ever since the Melamine event, China has faced challenges of food safety both domestically and globally. With the economic development, the Chinese consumers are demanding high quality, nutritious, and safe foods from the food industry but are not willing to pay higher prices. The Chinese food chain system of mostly small and medium enterprises presents challenges to the government to monitor and implement food safety laws and regulations. The academia and media are learning to take on their responsibilities with some success. Discussions and potential solutions of the global challenges of the five pillars for the food safety in China are presented here.

关键词： food safety challenges food industry government academia media consumer

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A review of the safety and efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 39-55 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0893-y

摘要： Vaccination is the most effective and feasible way to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The rapid development of effective COVID-19 vaccines is an extraordinary achievement. This study reviewed the efficacy/effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety profile of the 12 most progressed COVID-19 vaccines and discussed the challenges and prospects of the vaccine-based approaches in a global crisis. Overall, most of the current vaccines have shown safety and efficacy/effectiveness during actual clinical trials or in the real-world studies, indicating a development of pandemic control. However, many challenges are faced by pandemic control in terms of maximizing the effect of vaccines, such as rapid vaccine coverage, strategies to address variants with immune escape capability, and surveillance of vaccine safety in the medium- and long-terms.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safety efficacy effectiveness immunogenicity

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Long-term dam safety monitoring of Punt dal Gall arch dam in Switzerland

M. WIELAND, G.F. KIRCHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 76-83 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0144-z

摘要： The 130 m high Punt dal Gall dam is located at the Swiss-Italian border in the South-eastern part of Switzerland and was completed in 1969. The dam is founded on highly folded and partially crushed dolomite and limestone formations. A grout curtain with an area of 120,000 m was provided for controlling seepage. For the monitoring of the dam deformations five inverted pendulums were installed in the dam and three in the rock foundation of the right abutment outside of the dam. For a seasonal water level fluctuation in the reservoir of about 60 m the maximum amplitude of the radial displacement is 25 mm, which includes both the effects of the water load and temperature effects. Furthermore a comprehensive geodetic network was established, 57 joint meters were installed and cracks in the crest gallery are monitored by crack meters. There are also thermometers, piezometers and rocmeters. Springs at the left and right banks of the dam are monitored and chemical analyses of the seepage water and springs are performed regularly. The dam is equipped with strong motion instruments and several near-field earthquakes have been recorded in the past. The paper describes the long-term safety monitoring of this 42 years old arch dam. A short description of the Swiss practice in dam safety monitoring and emergency planning is also given.

关键词： dam safety concept arch dam dam instrumentation dam safety monitoring